💬 Discussion

Title IX turns 50, gets a face lift

Friday, Jun 24, 2022

Image: Newsweek

Yesterday, the Biden administration proposed sweeping changes to Title IX, the landmark 1972 legislation preventing sex discrimination in education.

📝 A deeper dive
 Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said the new guidelines would extend Title IX’s prohibition on sex-based discrimination to encompass sexual orientation and gender identity.

  • They would also reverse some Trump-era Title IX changes concerning students accused of sexual misconduct, but keep others in place, like mandating schools presume a student is innocent until proven guilty.

đŸ« Background: Title IX, which was signed into law by President Richard Nixon 50 years ago yesterday, applies to all educational institutions that receive federal funding – i.e., the vast majority of public and private high schools, colleges, and universities.

  • While its impact has been most visible in women’s sports, Title IX also extends to other areas like hiring, admissions, and cases of sexual assault.

☝ By the numbers: In the year Title IX was enacted:

  • 294,000 girls were participating in high school sports nationwide, including only 700 soccer players.
  • 15% of NCAA athletes were women.

📈 Today
 those figures stand at roughly 3.4 million and 44%, respectively, including nearly 400,000 high school soccer players (a more than 56,000% increase).

  • Over the past 50 years, the share of women earning bachelor’s degrees has climbed from 43% to 57%. For doctoral level degrees, it’s jumped from 14% to 53%.

👀 Looking ahead
 The Biden administration’s new Title IX guidelines will now enter a public feedback period of several months, and could be officially enacted as early as next year.

See the 360° View →

Democratic donkey symbol

Sprinkles from the Left

  • Some commentators contend that Title IX has done a phenomenal job increasing representation of women in school programs thus far, but there’s still a lot of work left before both sexes are truly equal.
    • Others argue in favor of the Biden administration extending Title IX protections to LGBTQ+ students, saying they're at higher risk of not feeling safe at school.

“Title IX simply opened the door, and that was a historical first step. But let’s not pretend we’ve achieved gender equity in sports.

The same universities posting stories from the past and reminiscing on the times they finally allowed women to play sports are the ones that still have majority male coaching and administrative staffs. They’re the same universities skirting Title IX compliance by manipulating roster numbers in an attempt to make it appear they’re providing the same opportunities to women.

It’s all good and well to celebrate milestones over the years in women’s sports, but simply celebrating is not enough 50 years after Title IX. More change is needed


Title IX is a law with limits. Organizations like the NCAA are not bound by this law since they aren’t federally funded. Television networks are not bound by the law, either, and are not required to invest in broadcasting women’s sporting events.

Not that a law should dictate every action to ensure equality, but the perception that persists that women’s sports aren’t profitable and therefore they’re not invested in equally is a major factor in why we are where we are 50 years after Title IX.

The world of sports has come a long way from the world where women were excluded, but there is much further to go.

The best way to celebrate Title IX this year is to continue to pursue gender equity in sports and embrace the attitude that women are not just happy to be here and will demand they deserve more.”

–Cora Hall Knoxville News Sentinel

“What I, and many other LGBTQ people, know from personal experience is backed by data. According to the Gay Lesbian & Straight Education Network’s 2019 National School Climate Survey, over 80 percent of LGBTQ students reported verbal harassment because of their sexual orientation, gender expression or gender identity and almost 15 percent reported physical assaults.

Schools should be safe places for all students. When LGBTQ students feel unsafe at school, the outcomes are serious. LGBTQ students, miss school more often, have lower GPAs, and are less likely to go to college. These problems are compounded for LGBTQ youth of color. Mental health issues are also more common amongst LGBTQ youth who do not feel safe at school and they sometimes manifest in dangerous and life-threatening ways. Forty percent of the youth surveyed in The Trevor Project’s 2020 National Survey on LGBTQ Health reported seriously considering suicide in the prior year alone


On the 50th anniversary of one of the most important civil rights laws for students, President Biden and his administration can make a loud and resounding statement of support for our youth by finally issuing a proposed rule that includes LGBTQ students in the full protections of Title IX. Doing so would give substance to his Day One promise that he sees them and that their safety matters.”

–Kevin Jennings, former assistant deputy secretary of education under President Obama
Republican elephant symbol

Sprinkles from the Right

  • Some commentators on the Right argue that the Biden administration is overstepping its bounds by extending Title IX protections to gender identity and sexual orientation.
    • Others contend that the Biden administration’s new regulations would eliminate or weaken the fundamental rights given to students accused of sexual misconduct.

“Title IX is a simple anti-discrimination mandate that prohibits federally funded educational institutions from discriminating “on the basis of sex.” Yet, without congressional authorization or other constitutional authority, the Biden administration is writing new Title IX rules to socially engineer every aspect of the educational experience—from student speech and school athletics to high-school locker room use and relationships between adult college students


In perhaps the most sweeping change to federal law ever enacted by unelected bureaucrats, the administration’s draft rules redefine “sex” to include “gender” and “gender identity.” This would require every educational institution that receives federal money to allow biological men into women’s locker rooms, sororities and other previously female-only spaces. Any school that attempts to prevent the next Lia Thomas from competing on a women’s team will have its federal funding snapped back—under the same law that once required schools to increase athletic opportunities for women and girls.

The Biden rules would also limit the ability of parents to exempt their children from lessons on choosing one’s sex, while empowering schools to transition children without receiving parental consent or even informing parents. Because the new rules both redefine “sex” to mean “gender identity” and carelessly expand the definition of harassment to include protected speech, schools are already punishing children who use biological pronouns to refer to their classmates.

Out of a single sentence barring discrimination on the basis of sex, the Biden administration is illegally rewriting federal law to erase women and undermine constitutional liberties. Because the scope of the proposed rules is so vast, and its implementation is being managed by bureaucrats behind the scenes, average Americans may not have noticed. They need to wake up.”

–Jennifer C. Braceras and Inez Feltscher Stepman, WSJ

“On Thursday the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights proposed new regulations governing how colleges and universities that receive federal funds—which is nearly all of them—must respond to allegations of sexual misconduct under Title IX, which prohibits sex discrimination. The new regulations would eliminate or weaken basic procedural protections for students accused of sexual misconduct


The right to a live hearing? Erased. Cross-examination? Unrecognizable. The standard of proof to determine guilt? Weakened. These fundamental safeguards are protected by the current regulations, which took effect in 2020 and reversed the 2011 guidance.

By proposing to jettison fair proceedings, the Education Department is setting colleges and universities on a collision course with the courts


By rolling back rights for students nationwide, the Biden administration is abandoning core American principles. Protecting due process shouldn’t be controversial. Fundamental fairness shouldn’t be a partisan concern. But instead of working on solutions that will last beyond a presidency, Ms. Lhamon’s Office for Civil Rights is playing to the partisan base.

Like Judge Cabranes and courts across the country, Americans won’t accept fundamentally unfair campus hearings that railroad the accused. Title IX policies can and must be fair to both parties: Colleges can’t be permitted to sweep sexual-misconduct allegations under the rug or ignore basic procedural protections.

The Education Department must make significant changes to its proposed regulations before they are finalized. If it doesn’t, these regulations will be short-lived—either replaced by the next Republican administration, or successfully challenged in court.”

–Joe Cohn, legislative and policy director for the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression
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